本文使用「署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0)」许可协议，欢迎转载、或重新修改使用，但需要注明来源。 [署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh) 本文作者: 苏洋 创建时间: 2013年01月18日 统计字数: 5008字 阅读时间: 10分钟阅读 本文链接: https://soulteary.com/2013/01/18/centos-base-command.html ----- # CentOS 基础操作 最近在 Chrome中安装了一个SSH客户端，骤然对linux兴趣扩大无数倍，或许是因为还是在浏览器里敲代码，隔阂感为零了嘛? 挨着敲了下下面的基础命令，找了找手感。 话说node跑循环感觉好逆天 - ,- `yum install` 了一个 node，100w的循环, 没多久就完了。 ## 查看服务器基础信息 ```bash #查看CPU [root@centos bin]# more /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.13.0 [root@centos bin]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.13.0 [root@centos bin]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo | cut -f2 -d: QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.13.0 #查看内存 [root@centos bin]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 506124 kB [root@centos bin]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | cut -f2 -d: 506124 kB [root@centos bin]# free -m |grep "Mem" | awk '{print $2}' 494 #查看CPU位数 [root@centos bin]# getconf LONG_BIT 64 [root@centos bin]# echo $HOSTTYPE x86_64 [root@centos bin]# uname -a Linux centos 2.6.35.8-guest-64 #5 SMP Fri Apr 29 07:56:20 CST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux #查看操作系统版本 [root@centos bin]# more /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.4 (Final) [root@centos bin]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.4 (Final) #查看内核版本 [root@centos bin]# uname -r 2.6.35.8-guest-64 [root@centos bin]# uname -a Linux centos 2.6.35.8-guest-64 #5 SMP Fri Apr 29 07:56:20 CST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux #查看时间 [root@centos bin]# date Thu Jan 17 23:51:32 CST 2013 #查看系统分区 [root@centos bin]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda1 7.8G 7.1G 309M 96% / tmpfs 248M 0 248M 0% /dev/shm /dev/vdb 20G 1.1G 18G 6% /data1 /dev/vdb 20G 1.1G 18G 6% /data2 #查看更具体的磁盘状况 [root@centos bin]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 8598 MB, 8598323200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1045 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 1 1045 8393931 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/vdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Disk /dev/vdc doesn't contain a valid partition table [root@centos bin]# #当前目录下文件夹大小 [root@centos bin]# du -sh 21M . #指定目录下的文件大小 [root@centos bin]# du /etc -sh 97M /etc #查看安装软件的列表 [root@centos bin]# cat -n /root/install.log 1 Installing libgcc - 4.1.2-46.el5.x86_64 2 warning: libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897 3 Installing libgcc - 4.1.2-46.el5.i386 4 Installing setup - 2.5.58-7.el5.noarch 5 Installing filesystem - 2.4.0-2.el5.centos.x86_64 6 Installing basesystem - 8.0-5.1.1.el5.centos.noarch 7 Installing centos-release-notes - 5.4-4.x86_64 8 Installing nash - 5.1.19.6-54.x86_64 9 Installing gnome-mime-data - 2.4.2-3.1.x86_64 10 Installing cracklib-dicts - 2.8.9-3.3.x86_64 #安装软件的数量 [root@centos bin]# more /root/install.log | wc -l 820 #查看已经安装的软件包 [root@centos bin]# rpm -qa gnome-mime-data-2.4.2-3.1 bzip2-libs-1.0.3-4.el5_2 sed-4.1.5-5.fc6 elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5 #查看已经安装的软件包个数 [root@centos bin]# rpm -qa | wc -l 902 #查看已经安装的软件包个数 [root@centos bin]# yum list installed | wc -l 900 #查看键盘布局 [root@centos bin]# cat /etc/sysconfig/keyboard KEYBOARDTYPE="pc" KEYTABLE="us" #查看键盘布局 [root@centos bin]# cat /etc/sysconfig/keyboard | grep KEYTABLE | cut -f2 -d= "us" #查看selinux [root@centos bin]# sestatus SELinux status: disabled #查看selinux [root@centos bin]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted # SETLOCALDEFS= Check local definition changes SETLOCALDEFS=0 [root@centos bin]# #网卡信息 [root@centos ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX inet addr:XX.XXX.XXX.XXX Bcast:XX.XXX.XXX.XXX Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:26364068 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8390991 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:13939243718 (12.9 GiB) TX bytes:4236593666 (3.9 GiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:154781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:154781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:31117569 (29.6 MiB) TX bytes:31117569 (29.6 MiB) [root@centos ~]# #查看IP [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR IPADDR=XX.XXX.XXX.XXX #查看IP [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR | cut -f2 -d= XX.XXX.XXX.XXX #查看IP [root@centos ~]# ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr:" |awk '{print $2}'|cut -c 6- XX.XXX.XXX.XXX #查看IP [root@centos ~]# ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:'| grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}' XX.XXX.XXX.XXX #查看网卡 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=no HOSTNAME=centos #DNS配置 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf ; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver XX.XXX.XX.XX search localdomain #默认语言 [root@centos ~]# echo $LANG $LANGUAGE en_US.UTF-8 #默认语言 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n LANG="en_US.UTF-8" SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16" #查看时区设置 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/clock ZONE="Asia/Shanghai" UTC=false ARC=false #查看主机名称 [root@centos ~]# hostname centos #查看主机名称和网络配置 [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=no HOSTNAME=centos ```