本文使用「署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0)」许可协议,欢迎转载、或重新修改使用,但需要注明来源。 [署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh) 本文作者: 苏洋 创建时间: 2020年04月25日 统计字数: 6171字 阅读时间: 13分钟阅读 本文链接: https://soulteary.com/2020/04/25/server-upgrade-ubuntu-20-04-lts.html ----- # 服务端升级 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 记录 本文将介绍如何在当前时间点,将服务器版本的 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 升级为最新的 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS,以及升级过程中的一些细节,希望能帮到跃跃欲试的 Ubuntu 同好。 将数据进行备份等操作需要自行处理,另外确保网络稳定,建议都在服务器跳板机上进行操作,更为稳妥。 当前这篇内容已经运行在 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 系统环境中,:) ## 准备工作 先使用 `apt update` 看看有哪些内容可以升级。 ```bash apt update Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Sources [281 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Sources [315 kB] Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [915 kB] Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [669 kB] Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Translation-en [315 kB] Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [1,014 kB] Get:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,065 kB] Get:11 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [331 kB] Hit:12 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease Get:13 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Sources [168 kB] Get:14 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Sources [146 kB] Get:15 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [692 kB] Get:16 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [459 kB] Get:17 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [657 kB] Get:18 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [618 kB] Fetched 7,823 kB in 3s (3,106 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 19 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them. ``` 接着执行 `apt upgrade -y` 耐心等待软件升级完毕即可。如果你最近已经更新过,则会得到类似下面的内容提示。 ```bash apt update Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done All packages are up to date. ``` 如果你觉得升级过程中软件源比较慢,可以尝试替换源,比如像下面这样操作。 ```bash sed -i -e "s/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/" /etc/apt/sources.list ``` ## 升级过程的小麻烦们 当我们执行 `do-release-upgrade` 尝试进行升级的时候,可能会出现三种情况告诉我们不能够升级。 ### 系统中还有未完全升级的软件 当你执行完毕命令后,可能会得到“Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading”的提示,这说明你其实并未将所有软件都完成升级。 ```bash do-release-upgrade Checking for a new Ubuntu release Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading. ``` 你可能会好奇,我明明执行过 `update` 和 `upgrade` 了,为什么还会出现这种情况呢? 这里有一个很大的可能是,使用过 apt-mark 将部分软件版本锁定,需要先执行解锁操作,比如: ```bash apt-mark unhold docker-ce ``` 至于如何看到需要升级或者解锁的软件呢? 可以使用 `apt update && apt list --upgradable` 命令进行查询: ```bash apt list --upgradable ... Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it. ... Listing... Done docker-ce/bionic 5:19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic amd64 [upgradable from: 5:19.03.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic] N: There are 23 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them. ``` 然后在再次执行 `apt upgrade -y` 即可完成所有软件升级。 但是千万别高兴太早,因为你还可能遇到接下来的事情。 ### 解除系统升级锁定 当所有软件都升级就绪后,继续使用 `do-release-upgrade` 升级软件,会看到类似下面的提示。 ```bash do-release-upgrade Checking for a new Ubuntu release There is no development version of an LTS available. To upgrade to the latest non-LTS develoment release set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades. ``` 这里因为官网尚未正式打开版本推送,所以如果要想得到版本更新,需要对 `do-release-upgrade` 添加命令行参数 `-d`,来允许获取最新的升级包。 ```TeXT Usage: do-release-upgrade [options] Options: -d, --devel-release If using the latest supported release, upgrade to the development release ``` ### 作出升级路线选择 如果你是 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 用户的话,此刻我们需要做出一个决定,是一个版本一个版本升级,还是直接跨版本升级,而如果是 Ubuntu 19.10 的用户则简单的多,因为不涉及跨版本问题,逐版本升级后半部分内容即可。 我们详细说说两种升级方式。 ## Ubuntu 18.04 逐版本升级 Ubuntu 20.04 有一句流传甚远的话叫做“步子不能迈的太大”,某些时候也可以用在软件升级这件事上。 打开 `/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades` 文件,我们可以看到文件说明: ```bash [DEFAULT] # Default prompting behavior, valid options: # # never - Never check for, or allow upgrading to, a new release. # normal - Check to see if a new release is available. If more than one new # release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to # the supported release that immediately succeeds the # currently-running release. # lts - Check to see if a new LTS release is available. The upgrader # will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after # the currently-running one. Note that if this option is used and # the currently-running release is not itself an LTS release the # upgrader will assume prompt was meant to be normal. Prompt=lts ``` 将 `Prompt=lts` 修改为 `Prompt=normal` ,然后执行 `do-release-upgrade -d`,会开始第一阶段升级: ```bash do-release-upgrade -d Checking for a new Ubuntu release Get:1 Upgrade tool signature [1,554 B] Get:2 Upgrade tool [1,329 kB] Fetched 1,331 kB in 0s (0 B/s) authenticate 'eoan.tar.gz' against 'eoan.tar.gz.gpg' extracting 'eoan.tar.gz' Reading cache ... ``` 根据实际情况,我们“一路 Next”之后,在即将完成升级时,会看到下面的提示内容: ```bash 。。。 System upgrade is complete. Restart required To finish the upgrade, a restart is required. If you select 'y' the system will be restarted. ``` 待系统重启之后,登陆系统会看到系统已经成功升级为 Ubuntu 19.10: ```TeXT Welcome to Ubuntu 19.10 (GNU/Linux 5.3.0-46-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage * Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is out, raising the bar on performance, security, and optimisation for Intel, AMD, Nvidia, ARM64 and Z15 as well as AWS, Azure and Google Cloud. https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-20-04-lts-arrives ``` 我们将 `/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades` 文件中数值修改为 `Prompt=lts` ,再次执行 `do-release-upgrade -d` 就可以开始第二阶段的升级了,操作过程和上面没有区别,一杯水的功夫,服务端再次重启,Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 就升级完毕啦。 ```TeXT Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-26-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage * Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is out, raising the bar on performance, security, and optimisation for Intel, AMD, Nvidia, ARM64 and Z15 as well as AWS, Azure and Google Cloud. https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-20-04-lts-arrives ``` 验证完毕逐版本升级,我们试试一步到位的跨版本升级。 ## Ubuntu 18.04 跨版本升级 Ubuntu 20.04 跨版本升级相当于是逐版本升级的“偷懒版”,偷懒当然要到极致,升级软件包也可以使用 `apt full-upgrade -y` 这个命令来做。 和逐版本升级不同的是,我们不再需要修改 `release-upgrades` 配置文件,在升级前只需要确认 `/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades` 文件的数值是否设置为 `lts` 即可。 确认数值正确后,执行 `do-release-upgrade -d` ,根据自己需求进行升级配置选择即可,“一路 Next” 之后,Ubuntu 20.04 就升级完毕啦。 ## 最后 距离将所有机器升级到 18.04 [刚巧一年](https://soulteary.com/2019/04/06/configure-ubuntu-18-04.html), Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 的到来,算是一个惊喜。 一般情况下,我们使用 `update`, `upgrade`, `do-release-upgrade` 组合技应该就能顺畅完成升级,但是在当前时间点,官网还未完全正式提供 release 升级方案,所以就有了这篇文章。 呃,促成这篇文章还有一个原因,回家后直接睡觉忘记喂猫,被毛孩子抗议叫醒... --EOF